Ⅰ. The history of the application of endoscopic instruments

The world's first endoscope was created in 1853 by a French doctor, De Somio. An endoscope is a commonly used medical device. It consists of a head end, a bending part, an insertion part, an operation part, and a light guide part. When in use, the light guide part of the endoscope is first connected to the matching cold light source, and then the insertion part is introduced into the pre-examined organ, and the control operation part can directly peep the lesions of the relevant parts.

The earliest endoscopy was used for rectal examination. The doctor inserts a hard tube into the patient's anus and observes the lesions of the rectum with the help of the light of the candle. The diagnostic data that can be obtained by this method is limited, the patient is not only very painful, but also the risk of perforation is very high due to the hard instruments. Due to these shortcomings, endoscopy products have continued to be applied and developed, and many different purposes and types of instruments have been gradually designed.

Ⅱ. The scope of application of endoscopic instruments

1. Examination of gastrointestinal diseases

(1) Esophagus: chronic esophagitis, esophageal varices, esophageal foramen hernia, esophageal leiomyoma, esophageal cancer and cardia cancer.

(2) Stomach and duodenum: chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer, benign gastric tumor, gastric cancer, duodenal ulcer, and duodenal tumor.

(3) Small intestine: small intestine tumor, smooth muscle tumor, sarcoma, polyp, lymphoma, inflammation, etc.

(4) Large intestine: non-specific ulcerative colitis, chronic colitis, colon polyps, colorectal cancer, etc.

2. Inspection of pancreas and biliary tract diseases: pancreatic cancer, cholangitis, bile duct cancer, etc.

3. Laparoscopy: liver disease, gallbladder disease, etc.

4. Examination of respiratory diseases: lung cancer, lung biopsy and brushing through bronchoscopy, selective bronchography, etc.

5. Urinary tract examination: cystitis, bladder stones, bladder tumors, kidney tuberculosis, kidney stones, kidney tumors, ureteral congenital malformations, ureteral stones, ureteral tumors, etc.

Ⅲ. Clinical application of medical electronic endoscopic instruments

In terms of medical treatment, medical endoscopic instruments are mainly used in surgical operations and routine medical examinations. Compared with traditional surgical operations, the functional minimally invasive surgical technology of medical endoscopes has been widely accepted by doctors and patients. Medical endoscopic instruments use the natural holes of the human body or open several small holes when necessary. As long as the doctor skillfully inserts the endoscopic lens into the body, other surgical instruments and camera display systems can be used to perform closed surgery outside the body. operate.